Measles, a highly contagious viral disease, remains a significant public health concern in low-income countries like Ethiopia, particularly in the Amhara Region. Despite ongoing vaccination efforts, periodic outbreaks continue to occur. This study aims to investigate the temporal and spatial patterns of measles in the Amhara Region from 2019 to 2024, providing valuable insights for targeted interventions and outbreak responses.
The study analyzed regional measles surveillance data, employing various statistical and spatial analysis techniques. Results revealed a high burden of measles cases, with a majority of cases occurring among children aged 5-14 years, followed by adults aged 15 years and above. Males accounted for the majority of cases, and a significant proportion of cases were ineligible for vaccination due to their age.
Geographically, the highest number of cases were reported from Waghimra zone, followed by Central Gondar, Oromo Special zone, and East Gojjam. The crude incidence rate per 100,000 population increased over the study period, peaking in 2023. Measles cases exhibited clear seasonal trends, with peaks during the spring and autumn seasons.
Spatial analysis indicated clustering of measles cases, with hotspots identified at the woreda level in Waghimra, Oromo Special zone, South Gondar, and North Shoa zones. Significant primary clusters were also detected in these zones. The study highlights the persistence of measles transmission in the Amhara Regional State, with increasing incidence and distinct spatial and temporal patterns. Immunity gaps in older children and geographically clustered outbreaks emphasize the need for enhanced vaccination strategies.
Strengthening measles surveillance, prioritizing catch-up vaccination for older children, and implementing targeted immunization campaigns in hotspot areas during peak transmission seasons are recommended. This study provides crucial information for monitoring disease transmission, evaluating vaccination programs, and identifying high-risk groups during the elimination phase. By understanding the temporal and spatial patterns of measles, targeted interventions can be developed to control and prevent future outbreaks.
